how to write review of research paper

Is the evidence they present strong enough to prove their case?

Even if you are coming to the opinion that an article has serious flaws, make sure you read the whole paper. If you still intend to recommend rejection, see the section "When recommending rejection.". Are there any major presentational problems?

Start with the most relevant ones that contributed most to the understanding of your research problem.

Conduct preliminary research. Try to respond to invitations promptly - it will prevent delays. Editors say, "Specific recommendations for remedying flaws are VERY welcome.". This will often comprise a range of questions followed by comment sections. "Offer clear suggestions for how the authors can address the concerns raised.

A poor abstract can then lose the reader's interest and undo the benefit of an effective title - whilst the paper's abstract may appear in search results, the potential reader may go no further. This has enough data points to make sure the data are reliable. Other journals require a more formal approach.

Is the text clear and easy to read? Some follow an informal structure, while others have a more formal approach.\"Number your comments!! You should also consider whether there is any in-built bias not nullified by the control experiments. They are there because the editor felt that they are important.

Once the paper has passed your first read and you've decided the article is publishable in principle, one purpose of the second, detailed read-through is to help prepare the manuscript for publication. If you're following an informal report format you could structure your report in three sections: summary, major issues, minor issues. However, this doesn't give reviewers permission to 'backstab' the author. (Editor feedback).

Part of your role is to make sure that the text’s meaning is clear. This should state the main question addressed by the research and summarize the goals, approaches, and conclusions of the paper. When you decide on a research topic, usually the first step you take in the direction of conducting research is learn more about the previous research published on the topic, and this eventually translates into literature review when you write your research paper.

If there are critical flaws in this, it's very likely the manuscript will need to be rejected. What was discovered or confirmed? Or it may be because it is very recent or published in a journal slightly outside their usual field. Are the conclusions consistent with the evidence and arguments presented?

Are there places where meaning is ambiguous? from a fixed-choice list and then to enter your comments into a separate text box. If not, what would be required to make their case credible? This has a major effect on the impact of a paper, since it helps it appear in search results. 1.

If there are formal guidelines, let them direct the structure of your review.

A 2010 study of nursing journals found that 79% of recommendations by reviewers were influenced by grammar and writing style (Shattel, et al., 2010). Most editors have access to software that can check for plagiarism. If you find yourself looking at a piece of information from which you cannot discern a story, then you should ask for improvements in presentation. If the author is disagreeing significantly with the current academic consensus, do they have a substantial case?

Editors are not out to police every paper, but when plagiarism is discovered during peer review it can be properly addressed ahead of publication. the CONSORT Statement for reporting randomized trials), The health and safety of all participants in the study was not compromised, They should start by describing in simple terms what the data show, They should make reference to statistical analyses, such as significance or goodness of fit, Once described, they should evaluate the trends observed and explain the significance of the results to wider understanding.

If you don't, make a note now that you need to feedback on how to improve those sections. You will need to check referencing for accuracy, adequacy and balance.

accept, reject, revise and resubmit, etc.) See Improving the Manuscript. What can reviewers do to help?

Where methods are not detailed enough, it's usual to ask for the methods section to be revised. If not, say which are not, Write clearly and so you can be understood by people whose first language is not English, Avoid complex or unusual words, especially ones that would even confuse native speakers, Number your points and refer to page and line numbers in the manuscript when making specific comments, If you have been asked to only comment on specific parts or aspects of the manuscript, you should indicate clearly which these are, Treat the author's work the way you would like your own to be treated, Give constructive feedback describing ways that they could improve the research, Keep the focus on the research and not the author. If the paper includes tables or figures, what do they add to the paper? Where you feel that an image has been edited or manipulated without explanation, you should highlight this in a confidential comment to the editor in your report. Following the invitation to review, when you'll have received the article abstract, you should already understand the aims, key data and conclusions of the manuscript. For example, if previously held theories are being overlooked, Are there any major flaws? Often you can't see these until you log in to submit your review. You may also choose to state whether you opt in or out of the post-revision review too. So when you agree to the work, it's worth checking for any journal-specific guidelines and requirements.

Information Gathered: Images, Graphs and Data Tables. Is the paper well written? Has similar work already been published without the authors acknowledging this?

Authors may make the case that a topic hasn't been investigated in several years and that new research is required. Do the keywords accurately reflect the content?

So be polite, honest and clear. This point is only valid if researchers can point to recent developments in data gathering techniques or to research in indirectly related fields that suggest the topic needs revisiting. However, if the language is poor but you understand the core message, see if you can suggest improvements to fix the problem: Your primary role is judging the research content.

The conclusions should reflect upon the aims - whether they were achieved or not - and, just like the aims, should not be surprising. This could help them with future submissions. Summarizes recent research related to the topic, Highlights gaps in current understanding or conflicts in current knowledge, Establishes the originality of the research aims by demonstrating the need for investigations in the topic area, Gives a clear idea of the target readership, why the research was carried out and the novelty and topicality of the manuscript, Standard guidelines were followed (e.g.

Obviously, where older research is seminal or where aspects of the methodology rely upon it, then it is perfectly appropriate for authors to cite some older papers. (Jonathon Halbesleben, Editor of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology). Are the correct references cited? Most journals give reviewers the option to provide some confidential comments to editors.

Try to bear in mind the following questions - they'll help you form your overall impression: While you should read the whole paper, making the right choice of what to read first can save time by flagging major problems early on. If recommending revision, state specific changes you feel need to be made. What does it add to the subject area compared with other published material? Choose keywords carefully, choose a good database such as Web of Science, choose the time-frame that your review will cover, and read everything that is … You may feel you can advise the author how to emphasize the novel aspects of their own study, so as to better differentiate it from similar research.

During these checks you should keep in mind best practice: If the research fails to reach relevant best practice standards, it's usual to recommend rejection.

Are important parts of the argument poorly supported?

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