how to write a case study on a patient dissertation

in Table 5 have been limited to three of the medication or regimen changes that were made at the first pharmacist visit: switching from fluvastatin to atorvastatin; switching from two shots of premixed 75/25 lispro to bedtime glargine with premeal lispro; and substituting the combination inhaler product for her fluticasone and salmeterol MDI prescriptions. Patient was examined and he was found to be alert and conscious where he responded fully to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

The administration of the correct oxygen concentration is important as inappropriate concentration of oxygen may result in serious or fatal outcomes13.
is a good example of this; even though her referral was for “diabetes management,” her greatest concern at this visit was her asthma exacerbations. Cardiovascular events were found to be the most ordinary cause of death in DM patients where 0.7% occurred in metformin group while 0.9% in usual care group19. For the sake of brevity, these lists are not inclusive nor are all pharmacotherapy issues discussed. The research process involves doing the following: Define your objective. According to the patient, the paternal side of his family has family history of hypertension and kidney failure where else for the maternal side, hypertension was known to be the family history. If all else fails to control blood glucose, insulin therapy should be introduced in patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM. Those given first-generation sulfonylurea monotherapy had the highest mortality (67.6 deaths per 1000 person-years), compared with metformin monotherapy users (39.6 deaths per 1000 person-years). ACE is the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II where angiotensin II causes increase blood pressure, systemic vasoconstriction, Na2+ and fluid retention and etc16. The reduction in mean FBG after 2 years was statistically significant between the two add-on therapies where a decrease of 1.8 mmol/L for pioglitazone and a decrease of 1.1 mmol/L for gliclazide was seen (p<0.001)26.

Likewise, since albuterol and salmeterol were both called bronchodilators, it seemed that the albuterol was the cheaper way to take the medicine.

After 2 years, the mean reduction in HbA1c from baseline was found to be 0.89% for pioglitazone and 0.77% for gliclazide addition to metformin. Sulphonylureas is another group of antidiabetic treatment used after metformin in Type 2 DM.

The following are case study samples and guides on case presentation. Vital signs were obtained and temperature was back to normal, 37°C, blood pressure was 151/69, SPO2 was 97%, pulse rate was 88bpm and reflo value was 14.6.

However, after 12 months, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels on the other hand were significantly increased in the repaglinide group (p < 0.05) while no significant changes were observed in the glimepiride group. Two randomised trials were conducted and in the first study, 317 patients who are already on metformin received an add-on therapy of pioglitazone at the dose 15-45 mg/day and another 313 patients received gliclazide at the dose 80-320 mg/day instead.
To this end, B.L. Patient has no known drug or food allergy. The sulphonylureas act at the pancreatic β-cell membrane by causing closing of ATP-sensitive potassium (K+) channels. B.L. VAT Registration No: 842417633. Nursing Essay

This includes performing clinical assessments and limited physical examinations; recognizing the need for additional care; making referrals as needed; ordering and interpreting specific laboratory tests; integrating their pharmacy patient care plans into patients’ total medical care plans; and entering notes on patient charts or carrying out other forms of written communication with patients’ medical care providers. There are two main examples for this. Actrapid is normally given in emergency cases especially in patients suspected with diabetic ketoacidosis4.

1. B.L. © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association. More patients reached HbA1c ≤7.0% without confirmed nocturnal hypoglycemia (45.5 vs. 28.6%, p = 0.0013) with glargine plus OAD than with only 70/30 NPH insulin.

It is important, therefore, to base the work on an approach that allows things to be explored in sufficient depth and detail to warrant a good grade.

She was also given an initial supplementary adjustment algorithm (sliding scale) to correct for any temporary elevation of blood glucose. As such, therapeutic endpoints are used as surrogate markers for achievement of outcomes. The former refers to the impact of treatment on patients’ overall medical status and quality of life and should emphasize patient-oriented evidence that matters (POEMs) rather than disease-oriented evidence (DOEs).

With agreement between patient and clinician concerning desired outcomes and endpoints, the next logical step is to evaluate whether the current treatment plan is likely to achieve those goals, or, if treatment is to be initiated, which therapies or interventions should be selected. Her multiple medical conditions include type 2 diabetes diagnosed in 1995, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, asthma, coronary artery disease, persistent peripheral edema, and longstanding musculoskeletal pain secondary to a motor vehicle accident. Based on current guidelines and literature, pharmacology, and pathophysiology, what therapeutic endpoints would be needed to achieve these outcomes?

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