writing a "best possible selves" diary is a happiness strategy designed to: article

The small sample size yielded limited statistical power results. The largest mean effect sizes were found for positive affect (d+ = .326) and negative affect (d+ = .485), estimates that reflect medium and moderate magnitudes, respectively [31]. (2013) examined the effects of BPS writing once per week for 4 weeks in an experiment of 131 undergraduate students, finding that a BPS activity significantly boosted positive emotions and flow, and marginally increased a sense of relatedness. The results did not produce statistically significant mean changes in all participants for diastolic blood pressure. Devilly, G. J.

The largest mean effect size was found for positive affect (d+ = .511), which can be considered a moderate effect size, followed by wellbeing (d+ = .325) and optimism (d+ = .334), which reflect medium magnitudes [31].

& Borkovec, T. D. (2000). For example, there were studies that only reported measures for wellbeing and optimism, but not for depression, and these studies contributed only to the corresponding meta-analyses. With regard to the moderator analyses of the categorical variables, none of them showed a significant moderating effect on wellbeing.

Dickerson, S. S. & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Although preliminary, overall, the current research supports positive journal writing interventions to improve psychological health for parents who have teenagers or adult children with emotional and/or behavioral problems. Findings indicated no statistical correlations between the number of journal entries and psychosocial outcome variables.
Effects of writing about emotions versus goals on psychological and physical health among third-year medical students. The specific characteristics of each meta-analysis lead to elaborate precise items for assessing methodological quality of primary studies. A loving relationship can be an oasis in uncertain times, but nurturing it requires attention, honesty, openness, vulnerability, and gratitude. However, a small number of studies were included in the analyses, and more research is needed to extend the knowledge about the comparability of these two PPIs. This finding may be due to different characteristics of the groups in the baseline data.

Some people prefer to reverse the process by writing about the image before sitting back and playing it forward in their mind. Baseline data of the current study found overall mental health scores (depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms) and emotional well-being (life satisfaction and gratitude) of participants to be relatively good, suggesting an ability to manage their parental stress. Writing – original draft, Moreover, seven studies included a gratitude group in addition to the control and BPS groups. Hypothesis 2: Changes in Emotional Well-Being and Mental Health. Perception of writing intervention was measured using two items from the modified version of the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) (Devilly & Borkovec, 2000). Table 4 presents the results of the comparison of the effectiveness of the BPS and gratitude interventions for wellbeing, positive affect, and negative affect. Is the Subject Area "Metaanalysis" applicable to this article? Therefore, their analyses and conclusions are rather generic and do not provide specific information about the effectiveness of a particular PPI. Scores are summed to evaluate an individual's life satisfaction, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86). However, as mentioned above, all of the included studies compared the BPS to an active control group except for one study that compared the BPS exercise to a non-active control group (waiting list). Finally, for negative affect, statistically significant differences were found, F(1, 11) = 262.12, p < .001 (BPS-active controls: d+ = -0.047, 95% CI [-0.145, 0.050], k = 12; BPS-non-active control: d = 3.013, 95% CI [2.608, 3.417]). It included grey literature, which, along with some studies with negative results, might have helped to overcome the absence of trimmed studies by providing a more complete picture of the field. Online positive affect journaling in the improvement of mental distress and well-being in general medical patients with elevated anxiety symptoms: A preliminary randomized controlled trial.

broad scope, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time. Travagin, G., Margola, D. & Revenson, T. A. of gratitude and best possible selves approaches.

Participants in the BPS group were asked to write about their best possible future self for each weekly domain.

However, these findings may suggest the efficacy of BPS writing. This research is supported by the University of North Carolina Wilmington Cahill Research Grant. Components of the intervention. The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222386.g003. kimy@uncw.edu. Methodology, A score of 30 to 35 indicates highly satisfied, 25 to 29 indicates things are mostly good, 20 to 24 indicates generally satisfied, 15 to 19 indicates slightly below average life satisfaction, 10 to 14 indicates dissatisfied, and 5 to 9 indicates extremely dissatisfied (Diener et al., 1985). All potential participants were asked to complete the pre-test and posttest instruments at a local community healing center or university office.

After participants completed the demographic data questionnaire, SWLS, GQ-6, PSS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PHQ-15, the investigator assessed blood pressure and collected saliva cortisol (passive drool). Third, regarding quantitative analyses, we were not able to adjust a multiple meta-regression model that included a subset of characteristics of studies that could explain the variability in the effect sizes on wellbeing.

However, this review only addressed optimism as the outcome variable, and, therefore, it exclusively analyzed BPS studies that measured optimism (k = 10). Although not statistically significant, systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks showed a slight reduction in the BPS group (from 120 mmHg to 115.7 mmHg) and GW group (from 118.5 mmHg to 113.1 mmHg). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. In the GW group, there were statistically significant decreases in anxiety (p = 0.001) and somatic symptoms (p = 0.029) (Table 4).

Paired t tests indicated statistically significant decreases in stress level (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), somatic symptoms (p = 0.001), and depression (p = 0.01), as well as increased gratitude (p = 0.012) among participants. These results somehow contradict the theoretical assumptions of Lyubomirsky and Layous [23], who hypothesized that PPIs with a future-time orientation, like the BPS intervention, would be more beneficial for young people.

Saliva samples were collected using passive drool, a recommended method that is cost effective and approved for use with approximately all analytes. The effects of two novel gratitude and mindfulness interventions on well-being.

The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development, 174 (4), 403–428. The results of the study bear important implications for nurses who work in the community. Fig 2 presents a forest plot for wellbeing effect sizes, and S1 File presents forest plots for positive affect, negative affect, and optimism (Figs A, B and C in S1 File, respectively).

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