expressive writing research

Suggestions for using expressive writing in clinical or self-help settings are given in Box 5. Expressive writing has primarily been investigated in carefully controlled research settings, with results generalising well across laboratories. The subsequent suggestion that the beneficial effect of expressive writing is the development of a coherent narrative over time, reflecting increasing cognitive processing of the experience, is consistent with the literature on traumatic memory and trauma treatment (e.g. ). and have found expressive writing to be a useful addition to my repertoire of short-term psychological interventions for people who harm themselves, in the medical wards and for out-patients with stress-related symptoms, anxiety and depression. Horan, Sean M. Think about how you write a paper and make decisions about what articles you should cite. thoughts and feelings) is helpful (Reference Pennebaker and BeallPennebaker & Beall, 1986; Reference Smyth, Pennebaker and SnyderSmyth & Pennebaker, 1999). In the late 1990s, granting agencies began emphasizing the importance of research topics that had clear societal payoffs. By 1998, the first meta-analysis was published, and over the years, there have now been at least 4 to 5 additional meta-analyses on the writing phenomenon (see Baikie & Wilhelm, 2005; Frattaroli, 2006; Frisina, Borod, & Lepore, 2004; Harris, 2006; Smyth, 1998; Travagin, Margola, & Revenson, 2015). 2009. As a social psychologist, I was concerned with having people talk about their secrets to another person because of the complicated social dynamics that would likely result. I also had the satisfaction of receiving frequent letters and emails from people whose lives had changed because of their using expressive writing. The impact of writing on physiological, absentee, and self-reported emotional well-being measures, A meta-analysis of the effects of written emotional disclosure on the health outcomes of clinical populations, Effects of an emotional disclosure writing task on the physical and psychological functioning of children of alcoholics. (. In your writing, I'd like you to really let go and explore your deepest emotions and thoughts.

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The feasibility and effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention for rheumatoid arthritis via home-based videotaped instructions, Expression of stressful experiences through writing: Effects of a self-regulation manipulation for pessimists and optimists, The Writing Cure: How Expressive Writing Promotes Health and Emotional Well-being, A pilot study of the effects of expressive writing on psychological and behavioral adjustment in patients enrolled in a Phase II trial of vaccine therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Women with chronic pelvic pain reported reductions in pain intensity ratings (Reference Norman, Lumley and DooleyNorman et al, 2004) and poor sleepers reported shorter sleep-onset latency (Reference Harvey and FarrellHarvey & Farrell, 2003). Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease, Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure, Patterns of natural language use. The paper I published in 1997 (Pennebaker, 1997) was a review of findings and explanations surrounding expressive writing—a phenomenon that I had first discovered 11 years earlier. By the time the paper was published, I had been immersed in expressive writing for about 14 years. As the application of expressive writing outside of research settings is relatively recent, it is recommended that clinicians collect some data to assess its effectiveness in their particular setting, including appropriate pre- and post-writing measures of physical health, psychological health or general functioning (see Box 6). Our review of the literature shows that psychological health benefits tend to be more often found when participants’ traumas and/or symptoms are clinically more severe, although results are inconsistent. The language project was beginning to pull me away from expressive writing. The journal Psychological Science had the reputation of being a highly reputable and an emotionally detached publication. The 1997 Psychological Science paper “Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process” summarized the results of several expressive writing studies.

At the time of writing the 1997 paper, I knew I was ready for a new research chapter in my life.

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